Thursday, December 26, 2019

Analysis Of Yayoi Kusama At The Phoenix Art Museum

The art piece â€Å"You Who are Getting Obliterated in the Dancing Swarm of Fireflies,† by Yayoi Kusama at the Phoenix Art museum, is a pitch-black room with mirrors lining the walls and black granite flooring and ceiling. Hanging from the ceiling to the floor are black cords three inches or so apart with multiple LED lights attached to each cord, which change to a new color scheme every two or so minutes and flicker on and off. When I first walked into the room the lights were all red, and by the time I exited they had shifted from red, to green and red, to blue and purple, to blue and green, to blue, and repeated again. The room is small, and is only about a 15 feet by 15 feet square space with one entrance and one exit. Although the room is†¦show more content†¦I also got the feeling that the artist created this room to let people live a fantasy and escape from the real world that was just on the other side of the mirrored walls. Now eight years later, my first reaction to the piece was completely different. I felt the room represented infinity and space. The piece is titled, â€Å"You Who are Getting Obliterated in the Dancing Swarm of Fireflies,† and while standing in the room I felt obliterated. I felt so insignificant standing in a room surrounded by a swarm of lights that seemed to go on for eternity, and I got the feeling that the piece represented how big the world is and how little we are in it. This was scary at first because most people are afraid of feeling insignificant and coming to terms with how small of a piece humans are in the universe was difficult, but in that moment I was forced to think about obliteration and infinity. However, the changing color scheme of the lights made me feel calm and at will my thoughts. I got the similar feeling that I did when I was 11, and I felt the piece was made for people to enjoy in that moment. I thought the artist was trying to represent that everyt hing in life is here and now, and that is what is important. As a species we always try to look beyond things and look farther into the future, but as the lights show the things in the distance are hard to see and only what is close by can truly be experienced

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

literature review - 1550 Words

Writing a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger research project, such as within a thesis (or major research paper), or it may be an independent written work, such as a synthesis paper. Purpose of a literature review A literature review situates your topic in relation to previous†¦show more content†¦Do they allow the author to address your research question effectively? Is each argument or point based on relevant research? If not, why? - What theoretical approach does the author adopt? Does it allow the researcher to make convincing points and draw convincing conclusions? Are the author’s biases and presuppositions openly presented, or do you have to identify them indirectly? If so, why? - Overall, how convincing is the argument? Are the conclusions relevant to the field of study? Questions for comparing works - What are the main arguments? Do the authors make similar or different arguments? Are some arguments more convincing than others? - How has research been conducted in the literature? How extensive has it been? What kinds of data 3 have been presented? How pertinent are they? Are there sufficient amounts of data? Do they adequately answer the questions? - What are the different types of methodologies used? How well do they work? Is one methodology more effective than others? Why? - What are the different theoretical frameworks or approaches used? What do they allow the authors to do? How well do they work? Is one approach more effective than others? Why? - Overall, is one work more convincing than others? Why? Or are the works you have compared too different to evaluate against each other? The Academic Writing Help Centre offers more information on synthesis and evaluation in the discussionShow MoreRelatedEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. Competency in the APA format is required of all Business graduates of Liberty University, as set forth by policy of both the Graduate Faculty and the administration. You will research and write a literature review on a topic relevant to our course. What is a Literature Review? â€Å"A literature review discusses published informationRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on aRead MoreHrd Audit Literature Review683 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review If you believe everything you read, better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter, S. 2008, p.49). What isRead MoreA Literature Review : The Walden University Library Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesA literature review is an interpretation of arrays of circulating articles written by the scholar-authors’ of researchers related to several topics. A literature search for evidence-based research can be overpowering. The Walden University library illuminates on the superlative quality of evidence-based research and which databases to utilize with research searches. Filtered resources are the superlative quality of studies related to evidence-based practice and encompasses systemic reviews, criticallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Telemedicine On Health, A Systematic Literature Review1530 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To evaluate and study the impact of telemedicine in health, a systematic literature review was conducted. An electronic research through the University of Maryland library was done the articles selected dated from 2000 to 2014. A total of 12 articles was reviewed that dealt with clinical outcomes, efficacy, patient and provider satisfaction. Telemedicine as an emerging field can greatly improve the outcomes of healthcare thus resulting in decrease the delivery cost of healthcare. WhileRead MoreLiterature Review : The Class Collage By Jeff Sommers1503 Words   |  7 Pagesexploitation† by Matt Zwolinski is about the ethical questions that are raised about the moral claim of the conditions in sweatshop that are accepted by choice and exploited for gains. These two peered review articles both shows some common similarity and a minute different between the two Identification Both peer-review articles use MLA citation. They both have a lengthy work cited pages/ references at the end of the article. The citations are alphabetically put in order and the citation itself is shown byRead MoreReview Of Formative Fictions : Imaginative Literature And The Training Of The Capacities `` Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesNayiri Khatchadourian HNRS 63W Prof. Bruce Stone 6 June 2017 The Consequence of Reading Fiction In his essay †Formative Fictions: Imaginative Literature and the Training of the Capacities†, Joshua Landy, professor at Stanford University, aims to explain the function of fiction and the reward of our engagement with literary works. Landy highlights three theories of the function of fiction: the exemplary branch, which invites the reader to consider characters as models for emulation or avoidance,Read MoreReview Of Literature Review On Literature Essay2370 Words   |  10 PagesChapter - 4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature survey is undertaken to study and analyze the finding of other researcher in their studies that are related to the subject under consideration. A research literature review, as a process, is a systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners (Fink, 2010). As a noun, literature review is an organizedRead MoreLiterature Review793 Words   |  4 PagesU02a1 Building Your Literature Review Plan: Part One - Sheila Darden The plan to collect and organize literature that explains the history of retention starts with the collections of scholarly, peer reviewed articles that provide insight to the history of retention. The literature will be organized alphabetically at first then to gain a better insight into the history of retention the collections of scholarly, peer review articles will be organized according to the date they were published. The

literature review - 1550 Words

Writing a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger research project, such as within a thesis (or major research paper), or it may be an independent written work, such as a synthesis paper. Purpose of a literature review A literature review situates your topic in relation to previous†¦show more content†¦Do they allow the author to address your research question effectively? Is each argument or point based on relevant research? If not, why? - What theoretical approach does the author adopt? Does it allow the researcher to make convincing points and draw convincing conclusions? Are the author’s biases and presuppositions openly presented, or do you have to identify them indirectly? If so, why? - Overall, how convincing is the argument? Are the conclusions relevant to the field of study? Questions for comparing works - What are the main arguments? Do the authors make similar or different arguments? Are some arguments more convincing than others? - How has research been conducted in the literature? How extensive has it been? What kinds of data 3 have been presented? How pertinent are they? Are there sufficient amounts of data? Do they adequately answer the questions? - What are the different types of methodologies used? How well do they work? Is one methodology more effective than others? Why? - What are the different theoretical frameworks or approaches used? What do they allow the authors to do? How well do they work? Is one approach more effective than others? Why? - Overall, is one work more convincing than others? Why? Or are the works you have compared too different to evaluate against each other? The Academic Writing Help Centre offers more information on synthesis and evaluation in the discussionShow MoreRelatedEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. Competency in the APA format is required of all Business graduates of Liberty University, as set forth by policy of both the Graduate Faculty and the administration. You will research and write a literature review on a topic relevant to our course. What is a Literature Review? â€Å"A literature review discusses published informationRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on aRead MoreHrd Audit Literature Review683 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review If you believe everything you read, better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter, S. 2008, p.49). What isRead MoreA Literature Review : The Walden University Library Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesA literature review is an interpretation of arrays of circulating articles written by the scholar-authors’ of researchers related to several topics. A literature search for evidence-based research can be overpowering. The Walden University library illuminates on the superlative quality of evidence-based research and which databases to utilize with research searches. Filtered resources are the superlative quality of studies related to evidence-based practice and encompasses systemic reviews, criticallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Telemedicine On Health, A Systematic Literature Review1530 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To evaluate and study the impact of telemedicine in health, a systematic literature review was conducted. An electronic research through the University of Maryland library was done the articles selected dated from 2000 to 2014. A total of 12 articles was reviewed that dealt with clinical outcomes, efficacy, patient and provider satisfaction. Telemedicine as an emerging field can greatly improve the outcomes of healthcare thus resulting in decrease the delivery cost of healthcare. WhileRead MoreLiterature Review : The Class Collage By Jeff Sommers1503 Words   |  7 Pagesexploitation† by Matt Zwolinski is about the ethical questions that are raised about the moral claim of the conditions in sweatshop that are accepted by choice and exploited for gains. These two peered review articles both shows some common similarity and a minute different between the two Identification Both peer-review articles use MLA citation. They both have a lengthy work cited pages/ references at the end of the article. The citations are alphabetically put in order and the citation itself is shown byRead MoreReview Of Formative Fictions : Imaginative Literature And The Training Of The Capacities `` Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesNayiri Khatchadourian HNRS 63W Prof. Bruce Stone 6 June 2017 The Consequence of Reading Fiction In his essay †Formative Fictions: Imaginative Literature and the Training of the Capacities†, Joshua Landy, professor at Stanford University, aims to explain the function of fiction and the reward of our engagement with literary works. Landy highlights three theories of the function of fiction: the exemplary branch, which invites the reader to consider characters as models for emulation or avoidance,Read MoreReview Of Literature Review On Literature Essay2370 Words   |  10 PagesChapter - 4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Literature survey is undertaken to study and analyze the finding of other researcher in their studies that are related to the subject under consideration. A research literature review, as a process, is a systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners (Fink, 2010). As a noun, literature review is an organizedRead MoreLiterature Review793 Words   |  4 PagesU02a1 Building Your Literature Review Plan: Part One - Sheila Darden The plan to collect and organize literature that explains the history of retention starts with the collections of scholarly, peer reviewed articles that provide insight to the history of retention. The literature will be organized alphabetically at first then to gain a better insight into the history of retention the collections of scholarly, peer review articles will be organized according to the date they were published. The

Monday, December 9, 2019

Cultural Competence in Healthcare

Question: This assignment involves the collection and analysis of media material on a current cultural safety in health issue(s). You are required to link contemporary issues as presented in the media with those discussed in the unit outline and in the readings. It is advisable to start thinking about your topic and collecting your material from early in the semester. Discuss this with your lecturer prior to commencing the activity. Answer: Introduction Cultural safety of healthcare is defined as the effective practice of nursing of a family or person from a different culture and is determined by the family or person. It originates in the education of nursing and the culture ranges from generation or age, sexual orientation, gender, religious beliefs, disabilities and occupation. A cultural practice can be deemed unsafe when an action is demeaning for the cultural identity of a family or person. There are four different principles of cultural safety (Canuto et al., 2013). The first principle aims for improving the well-being and health status of the people of New Zealand, as the evolution of the concept took place in New Zealand. The second principle aims at improving the health services delivery. The third principle aims at focusing the on the differences between the people who are undergoing the treatment and accepted the differences. The fourth principle aims at understanding the importance of health services and its impacts on t he families and individuals (Brown et al., 2015). Cultural safety goes beyond the cultural sensitivity concept for analyzing the imbalances in power and institutional discrimination. There exist much debate and confusion regarding the separation of cultural safety from the concepts of cultural awareness, cultural competency, cultural appropriateness and cultural sensitivity. Cultural safety has been renamed as the critical social theory and it is not different from making the people aware of the economic and socio-political issues in the society and helps to recognize the impact of these issues on the people (Smith et al., 2015). The present assignment deals with the media analysis of health issues in cultural safety. The health issue in this assignment is the healthcare crisis faced by the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders in Australia. Media Resource One This is a media report issued by the Australian human rights commission that aims at establishing a healthy environment for ensuring cultural safety for the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal organizations and communities. It also ensures cultural security by the external parties like non-government and industrial organizations and government for the above-mentioned organizations and communities. Cultural security and safety are demonstrated through a collection of case studies that highlights the promising healthcare practices occurring through government partnerships and communities. The case studies help to provide the practical strategies and remind that with the right support, the communities can develop their own problem solving abilities, associated with health. The problems of lateral violence can also be addressed in this manner. VACCA (Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency) illustrates the cultural safety concept as the context for the promotion of mainstream healthy en vironments that are competent culturally. However, it should also be ensured that the community environments for the Aboriginals should be culturally safe and should promote cultural strengthening that is focused on a healthy community. Mercer (2013) opined that there has been significant health inequity experienced by the Aboriginal Australians when compared to the non-Aboriginal Australians. Collaborating and engaging with these less privileged Australians has led to finding a way for reducing this gap in health inequity. The health policy of Australia contains strategies for increasing the amount of Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal people for participating in the delivery of the healthcare services. This provides for increasing the opportunities of the population for self-determining the practices and policies effecting the cultural provision of the people. The media report states that cultural safety and security for the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders are the basic requirements for the population for their intrinsic development and healthy environment. This can bring down the probabilities of lateral violence significantly by reducing the inequalities between the aboriginals and the non-aboriginals, thereby promoting the levels of health among the aboriginals (Dudgeon, 2016). However, this should not remain confined only to the sector of health and it should include all the important parameters that lead to the chances of developing lateral violence, due to deprivation. Although, the media and the article have discussed about the healthcare issues, but further activities are required for engulfing the other essential issues like education, food security and other citizen rights (Smith et al., 2015). The development and prosperity of a nation depend on the progress of its citizens and this is possible only by providing cultural safety and better health to all. Media Resource Two This is a media release by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that deals with the concerns in the access of healthcare and the inequalities by providing special provisions to the indigenous population globally. The health services, regulatory bodies and professionals examine the health outcomes and the healthcare needs of these groups and possible ways to meet those needs. There is enough evidence that suggest the inequalities in healthcare and health status between the non- Indigenous and Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginals in Australia. The inequalities are most prominent for the communicable and chronic diseases, mental health, life expectancy and infant health. These inequalities are strengthened by several factors and the biggest of these factors are external and lies beyond the system of healthcare. Evidence have also shown that quality healthcare is not equally accessible that are because of ethnicity has also significantly contributed towards the health dispar ities. It has been long a subject of research globally about the provision of health services that are ethnocentric and the negative impact it has on the indigenous population and their health status. There is a dearth of indigenous health workers in the delivery systems of healthcare that is a major source of under utilization of the healthcare services. Evidence have shown that the health disparities between the non-indigenous and indigenous Australians are connected to accessibility and this is influenced by the geographic, economic and socio-cultural factors. Therefore, the practitioners, services and systems should increase their ability to work on patient diversity. Links to approaches, models and debate Clifford et al. (2015) carried out a study that reviewed the methodological quality of the intervention designs for improving the healthcare cultural competency for the indigenous population of New Zealand, Australia, USA and Canada. The purpose of the study was to identify and recognize the health disparities among the non-indigenous and indigenous people. It was found that high rates of disease and illness in the indigenous population was due to the historical experiences of the people and social determinants of health. Evidence also show that there has been increased recognition of the cultural and social factors for the provision of healthcare to the indigenous population. From both the media release article and the scholarly journal, it was found that the strategy for decreasing the inequalities the access of healthcare is cultural safety. It also helps to improve the effectiveness and quality of care for the indigenous population. Embedding and developing cultural competence in the services of healthcare needs to focus on the awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills and behavior (Kuipers et al., 2014). In Australia, the cultural safety process has been descriptive and has been extended at the administrative and operational levels of service. However, there is a significant lack of evidence regarding the strategies that are efficient for the improvement of the healthcare delivery system to the Indigenous Australians that is culturally competent (Dickson Manalo, 2014). In addition, there should be a coherent approach to the teaching and inclusion of cultural safety through national standards for the population. Media Resource Three This is a media article by The Age that demonstrates the stark reality of the Torres Strait Islander and the Aboriginal people is their life expectancy that was found to be ten years lesser than that of the Australians, who are non-indigenous. This is considered as a shame for the country as there still exists institutional racism, especially in the healthcare sector and it is the major barrier for the deprived population who seeks medical attendance. Cultural safety is just a word and people are dying young in the community. Since past 10 years, significant efforts are being applied for closing the gap and achieve health equality. However, progress has been seen in the health of the child and infant and there have improvements in the rates of immunization rates, more health checks and increased medicinal access. Gap closing programs have been developed for the people of the Torres Strait Islands and the Aboriginals so that they do not have to suffer the poorer and shorter lives in a blessed and rich nation like Australia. The people of this population have equal rights like the non-indigenous Australians for primary healthcare and the provided health services should address the emotional, cultural and social well-being of these communities in a holistic and appropriate manner. The demand of the dwellers is a health system that is culturally safe and free from any sort of institutional racism. Institutional racism has been a major barrier for the population in the sector of healthcare and to address this issue, a campaign name Close the Gap was launched. The campaign has been able to address this issue significantly and the health inequality is dealt with proper care. The healthcare professionals along with the nurses and doctors are working on closing the gap since health is very much required for their survival. Links to approaches, models and debate According to Balaratnasingam et al. (2015), mentally health is equally important an issue of cultural safety as it is with physical health. Therefore, the authors conducted a study for exploring the emotional and social well-being of the Torres Strait Islanders and the Aboriginal Australians. Mental illness has also been found a reason for shorter life expectancy and there are no proper healthcare services for addressing the mental retardation. Unrecognized and serious has been noticed between the aboriginal patients and the non-aboriginal doctors. The health assessment reliability also faces a setback due to the lack of understanding and knowledge of the cultural differences of the health professionals in the region (Nelson et al., 2015). Therefore, it can be said that adequate training and education and training is required by the health professionals prior to getting engaged in the treatment of the patients of the Torres Strait Islands and the aboriginals. The health assessments m ust be carried out in an amiable atmosphere of cultural safety and respect. Culturally sensitive protocols and language have to be used for effective engagement of the people of this population by considering their belief system and worldviews (Dingwall et al., 2015). Media Resource Four This is a media release by the Telethon Kids Institute and deals with the mental health issues of the Torres Strait Islanders and the Aboriginals. Complimentary and consistent themes have been identified by the practitioners of mental health for the population that includes utilization of the primary care models and adopting an approach for community development. Cultural competence has a crucial role in the for providing cultural safety with care. In the light of cultural safety, it has been found that unrecognized and serious miscommunication is the prevalent for the interactions between the aboriginal patient and the non-aboriginal doctor, especially in the remote communities. If the practices are not culturally safe, there will be erosion ad diminution of the fundamental human rights and cultures of the indigenous people. It is essential to establish the protocols and practices for ensuring the practices that are culturally safe and appropriate for the indigenous community as per the Australian context. Cultural safety is the process of enhancing the communal and individual cultural identities that promote and empower the community and individual well-being. For creating a space that is cultural safe, critical reflexivity has to be developed for making the practitioners aware of the method of interaction and behavior to make the people from diverse culture safe and result in positive consequences. The colonial history of Australia and the circumstances contemporary to the indigenous population had laid down the foundation of the lack of services and access to the fundamental aspects of the indigenous population. Therefore, the wellbeing and mental health issues of this population had a setback and they did not have sufficient facilities for mental health improvement. Links to approaches, models and debate Parker Milroy (2014) carried out a research work to make an overview of the mental health of the Torres Strait Islanders and the Aboriginals. The concepts of mental and physical health and wellbeing for this population were examined by the authors and discussed the possible ways to regain the mental and physical health. The social determinants and aboriginal health have been deteriorated over the years. Cardiovascular diseases and hospitalization rates were found to be 67% higher than the non-indigenous Australians. Rheumatic heart disease was 25 times higher for this population than the remaining Australians and same is the case for renal failure and diabetes. These statistics are alarming as the life expectancy was found to be 11.5 years and 9.7 years lower for males and females respectively when compared to the other Australians (Hepworth et al., 2015). Racism and poverty have been identified as one of the vital reason for this deteriorated condition of health as the aboriginal p opulation of Australia have been deprived of safe drinking water, food, health, education, shelter and sanitation facilities. Therefore, for improving the mental health status of the indigenous population, healthcare facilities are not enough. There has to subsequent improvement in the areas of the other basic needs like food, clothing and shelter that can give them a better environment to improve their health and wellbeing (Hall et al., 2015). Cultural safety has to be provided to the patients with mental illness without any interference by racism. Personal Reflection The author has critically reviewed the media articles and the related theories and models and reflected on the concept of cultural safety related to the healthcare issues among the population of Torres Strait Islanders and the Aboriginals. The application and conceptualization have to be developed comprehensively and critically for this population and the cultural safety capacity helps to transform and broaden the health equities. The responsibility of promoting health equity lies with the diverse members of the healthcare society like the educators, providers and the researchers. However, it is also reflected by the author that the aboriginal people should also come forward to their own rescue and change their attitude towards illness. They need to understand the importance and necessity of the medical treatment and follow the instructions delivered by the healthcare personnel. They should work in coordination with the medical staff to develop solutions that are mutually acceptable for solving their health problems. Working with the nursing and medical practitioners would promote the cultural safety practice. Conclusion The concept of cultural safety goes beyond the concepts of cultural sensitivity and cultural awareness. It helps to empower the individuals and gives them the ability to achieve positive outcomes. It reflects the cultural recognition and identity and the impact it has on the on the professional practice and personal culture (Freeman et al., 2014). The indigenous population of Australia has been long deprived of the healthcare facilities and they faced subsequent health issues. However, there have been significant improvements in the scenario and healthcare professionals are working collectively, towards the cultural safety of the Australian aboriginals. References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 29 May 2016, Balaratnasingam, S., Anderson, L., Janca, A., Lee, J. (2015). Towards culturally appropriate assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional well-being.Australasian Psychiatry,23(6), 626-629. Brown, A., O'Shea, R. L., Mott, K., McBride, K. F., Lawson, T., Jennings, G. L. (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care.Heart, Lung and Circulation,24(2), 119-125. Canuto, K. J., Spagnoletti, B., McDermott, R. A., Cargo, M. (2013).Factors influencing attendance in a structured physical activity program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in an urban setting: a mixed methods process evaluation(Doctoral dissertation, BioMed Central). Chalmers, K. J., Bond, K. S., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., Kitchener, B. A., Williams-Tchen, A. J. (2014). Providing culturally appropriate mental health first aid to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adolescent: development of expert consensus guidelines.International journal of mental health systems,8(1), 1. Chapter 4: Cultural safety and security: Tools to address lateral violence - Social Justice Report 2011 | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2016).Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 28 May 2016, Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98. Dickson, M., Manalo, G. (2014). The beyond borders initiative: Aboriginal, torres strait islander and international public health students: Engaging partners in cross-cultural learning.Education for Health,27(2), 132. Dingwall, K. M., Puszka, S., Sweet, M., Nagel, T. (2015). Like Drawing Into Sand: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Appropriateness of a New eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mental Health Resource for Service Providers Working With Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People.Australian Psychologist,50(1), 60-69. Dudgeon, P. (2016). Gender, Politics, and the State in Aboriginal Australia and Torres Strait Islands.The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Ever, O. Day, N. (2016).Our national shame: Closing the gap for Indigenous Australians is more important than ever. Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S., Francis, T. (2014). Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), 355-361. Hall, K., Chang, A. B., Otim, M., Anderson, J., Kemp, A., O'Grady, K. A. (2015). General practitioner utilisation amongst urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged less than 5 years. Hepworth, J., Askew, D., Foley, W., Duthie, D., Shuter, P., Combo, M., Clements, L. A. (2015). How an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care service improved access to mental health care.International journal for equity in health,14(1), 1-8. Kuipers, P., Harvey, D., Lindeman, M., Stothers, K. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health practitioners in rural areas: credentialing, context and capacity building.Rural and remote health,14(2897).

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Beginning Of Time Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang

The Beginning Of Time The Beginning Of Time There was a period in history when the beginning of the world in which we live in was a expressed through legends and myths, now, through the use of increasingly advanced scientific equipment we can see that the universe is more vast and complex than ever imaginable. The purpose of this paper is to show some of the modern beliefs regarding the beginning of the universe by finding the answer of these questions. What are the commonly excepted theories of the evolution of the universe? What is meant by the Big Bang Theory and how does it work? How our planet and solar system developed from The Big Bang? This paper will use scientific data to base the evolution of our universe around The Big Bang. At the present time there are two theories which are used to explain the creation of the universe. The first theory is the infamous Big Bang Theory, which will be detailed later. The second is the Steady State Theory. A later hypothesis was created to replace the common belief that the universe was completely static. The expansion of the universe was discovered in 1929 when Edwin Hubble discovered that every galaxy in the universe was moving away from each other, this meant that the universe was expanding. Hubble found the movement of the galaxies by using a phenomenon known as the Doppler effect. This effect caused bodies moving away from an observer to have a red-shifted spectrum (the light spectrum of the body had been shifted closer to red) and bodies moving towards an observer to be blue-shifted The expansion was traced backwards through time to discover that all the galaxies were created from the same point. It was later believed that all matter spawn from that center of the universe discovered by Hubble. Matter would collect outside this singularity and form every moon, planet, and star known today. The Steady State Theory was very attractive because it featured a universe with no beginning or end. The theory meant that scientist had to abandon the laws of conservation of mass and energy. It seemed convincing that the laws of physics could breakdown at a certain point but more and more evidence gathered against the Steady State Theory, leading to many modifications to it. Until finally the theory was dropped completely with the discovery of the smooth microwave background radiation (radiation so ancient it had shifted right out of the visible spectrum into microwave radiation). A smooth background to the universe suggested that it was hot and uniform - the ideal conditions for the Big Bang. The Big Bang was almost exactly what it sounds like - a giant explosion. During this explosion all the materials in the universe today (matter, energy and even time) were expelled into a vacuum about 12 billion years ago. The combined mass of the universe was interpolated to a point of zero volume (therefore infinite density). It is impossible to guess what the universe would physically be like because the density of the universe cannot be plugged into any physical equation. The history of the universe can be traced back to a moment 10- 33 seconds after the big bang. At this moment the universe is filled with a sea of various exotic particles along with electrons, photons, and neutrinos (and their respectable anti-particles). At this time there are also a small number of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are participating in sub-atomic reactions. The two most important of these reactions are: Antineutrino + Proton ----* Positron (anti-electron) + Neutron Neutrino + Neutron ----* Electron + Proton In effect the protons are becoming neutrons and vice-versa. The energies are so great that simple atoms being formed fall apart immediately after coming together. As the universe expands, and loses energy the electrons and positrons begin to collide, effectively annihilating one another, leaving only energy in the form of photons and neutrinos. Appropriately fourteen seconds after the Big Bang simple atoms are formed like deuterium and helium. About three minutes after the incidence of creation, the universe has sufficiently cooled to allow formations of helium and other light elements. As it is proven by the cosmic background radiation, the universe was uniformly smooth. A change had to have occurred, otherwise no celestial objects would have formed and as the particles lost energy, they would simply decompose into simpler particles. Something had to have caused the particles to group together and